Flue construction for self-propelled vehicles.



No. 876,980. PATENTED JAN. 21, 1908.

H. LBMP. HUB-CONSTRUCTION FOR SELF PROPELLED VEHICLES,

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3.1904.

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H. LBMP. PLUE CONSTRUCTION FOR SELF PROPBLLED VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3,1904.

Inventor; :ann Lwemp,

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UNITED STATES PATENT C HERMANN LEMP, or LYNN, nassaonusar'rsass enoaro GENERAL anaemic 0mm,

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of Letters Patent.

Patented Jamar, 1908 Application and lay 3. i904. Serial No. 206.203.

To all whom it may concerry;

Be it known that I, Halt-KAN LEMP, a citizen of the United States, residing at L in the co Massachusetts, have invented certain new.

and useful Improvements in Flue Construction for Self-Propelled Vehicles, following is a specification.

The present invention relates to self-propelled of which the vehicles and more especially to those driven by steam or other vapor.

The object of the invention is to improve the construction and arrangement of vapo' rizer fiues whereby the efficiency of the vaporizer is increased and the effect of the draft on the burner made to bear a definite, or substantially definite, relationto the speed of the vehicle.

It is the usual' practice to continuously employ a steam jet 111 one of the flues for cre-' ating a forced down draft, which jet may be supplied from by live steam.

- In either case it means that the steam thus employed is thrown away. By means of my invention a forced draft is created by the movement of the vehicle itself and in a degree corresponding to a lar e extent with the. speed variations. In t is manner no steam for-draft purposes need be employed, and all of, the exhaust may be returned to a condenser.

In carrying out the invention 1 place a boiler or vaporizer and burner in a position where they are readily. accessible such, for example, as on the vehicle frame in front of the seat or seats. The vaporizer is supported so that it extends above and below The vaporizer is inclosed in a suitable casing, and situated in operative relation to the vaporizing, surfaces and .within the casing is a burner or fire chamber of suitable construction. I

The casing is provided with a smoke-box or bonnet that communicates with an opening or passage through which the products of combustion pass. The walls forming the smoke-box or bonnet may be a continuation of the boiler casing, ,or separate therefrom. In both cases the communication from the boiler casing should be relatively free and unrestricted. The casing is also provided at a a suitable oint orpoints with respect to the burner wit one or more openings for admitting air to' support combustion. Commuty of Essex and State of vent the incoming air the exhaust of the engine, or

charges them.

nicating with the air-admitting opening or openings is a flue which may take the form of a scoop with an open end which is so situated that it receives air currents induced by the movement of the vehicle. hicle is standing still some air will be-drawn through the open end of the flue or scoop due to the action of the burner, and when the vehicle is started amount of air will be forced into the casing in addition to the amount due to the burner action. As the movement 7 burner space is correspondingly increased. In order to precurrents passing through the flue or scoop from directly strikof the vehicle becomes morerapid the amount of air forced into the'fire chamber or When the veinto motion a certain ing the burner flame, suitable deflectors are provided.

Communicatingwith the-opening or passage leading from the smoke-bonnet which discharges the roducts of combustion is an intake flue which occupies a horizontal or substantially horizontal position. This flue should be-so constructed and arranged that the air currents entering it are not discharged into the said opening or passage,

but act after the fashion of an ejector to increase the draft on the burner.

On the other hand, it should also be so constructed and arranged-that it will permit the products of combustion to escape as for example when the vehicle is standing still or running so slowly that substantially no draft is created thereby. These results may be accomplished by having the front end of the intake open, the said opening being in the same general direction as that, of the scoop. I have found by operation that the results are-satisfactory if the cross-sectional areas correspond or under natural draft,

racti'cal 1 approximately -correspond, but do not wish,

to limit myself thereto. The larger the intake flue, the greater draft, and the greater the amount of oil which can be consumed with a corresponding increase in vapor energy. -A second ordlscharge flue is also the products of combustion esca in from the passage leading to a suitable point below the vehicle frame and preferably near the ro'adbed and dis- The cross-sectional area of he discharge flue shou ld be great: enough to will be ,the forced from the smo 'e onnet' provided, which conveys the draft.

.may' be separate. p

angle are. deflected thereby 'into the dischargconvey the air. currentsv and the waste products of combustion from the vaporizer and burner without choking.

In 'order to further increase the effective action of the discharge. flue, it is bent or deflectedrearwardly so that the waste products of combustion, inin led with the air from theintake, will be deflected into aplane co nciding more or less with that of the air rushingpast the open end of the flue, due to them u'o of the vehicle, which increases 7 I findit desirable to ei' large this discharge opening somewhat so as to increase theeffect of said air currents. In order to prevent the air from the intake passing down through. the smoke bonnet and vaporizer casijn ,a deflector plate is provided which may orm apart ofoneor both flues, or it The incoming air currents striking the deflector at the proper mg.- flue. 1A wall or separator plate separates the intake flue'froin the outlet of the smokebox, and may for simplicity form a part or continuation.of said-flue. When the vehicle increase the draft, in which case all 'of the is climbing a hill or is subjected to especially heavy duty I mavdemporarilv elnplov a steam jet in the discharge flue which receives live or exhaust steam as desired; or a blower. may be connected to the flue in a manner to I steam'may go to thecondenser as before.

r effect of'one flue is balanced by the other,

flue located a ovethe vaporizer and the flue or scoop discharging air into the'fire. chamber, are pointed in "the same direction, since I regard this as an important feature Let m invention. By this arrangement the and the effect of the burner increases or decreases as the windvaries, and the products of combustion are carried away from the occupants of the vehicle rather than towards them; Suppose the vehicle to be standing still with a. strong wind blowing from the -back, it cannot-enter the .fiue or scoop discharging-"into the. fire chamber owing tot-hetion issuing from the intake flue 0 ried forward away from the occupants.

clos'e'dieafend, and the productsof combuswill be care 0n thefother hand if the .wind is blowing from the front, the effect. will be though the vehicle was in operation and the waste products of combustion will be blown 5 down underneath the vehicle body and dis- 5'0 fered with.

'perse d. The air which passes in the flue or scoop at the bottom of the vaporizer balances that entering at the top, and consequently the action of the burner isnot inter 4 ,In the accompanying drawings, which illus- 'urelisa -with trate one embodiment of my invention, F igpartial elevation of an automobile certain of the parts broken away to show the vaporizer and lines; Fig. is'a plan the same as draft onrthe fire chamber. It is to be especially noted that the intake is a vertical section of the vaporizer and flue and Fig. 4 1s a sectional deta l view of the flue or scoop which supplles an to the burner.

is supported by wheels 2, the rear wheels having been omitted to simplify the illustration.

3 represents the operators seat, back of which may be located one or more passengers seats. y a v Situated below theframe and at a point in advance of the operators seat is a steam or other vapor engine 4 which propels the "ehicle. Vapor is supplied to the engine by a vaporizer 5 which is carried by supports 6 from the main frame. 7 Situated above the vaporizer is an intake flue 7 and situated-below the vaporizer andsupplying air to the fire chamber is a flue or scoop 8. The intake flue and scoop 8 discharge into the downwardlv opening fine 9 which is provided with a detachable lower lower end or section 10 for facilitating the .renioval'of the casing from the frame. This detachable section is secured in place b v wing nuts 11 so that it can-be taken of) when it is desired to get at the engine. The lower end of the detachable section is expanded and inclined rearwardlv at 1 2 and terminates in a horizontal plane to increase the In order to facilitate the renwval of the parts, small doors .9" are provided adjacent to the nuts-which secure the flue to the casing of the vaporizer.

' The intake flue 7 is short in the vertical dimension and relativelv long in the horizontal dimension, the object of this arrangement being to make it as'unobtrusive as possible. and to make the front end of the vehicle relatively low. From the entering forifice the flue graduall flchanges'its shape" to a point substantially overthe c orizer. In order to conceal the line as much as possible, a hood 1'3 is provided which surrounds it and also the upper end of the vaporizer. The end ol the seat is attached to a which ac necessary indicating instruments, such as gages, indicators, etc. Located at the front of the vehicle and below the intake flue is a condenser 15 of suitable construction, into which the exhaustfroin the engine 4 dis-. charges, and from the condenser the liquid is returned to the vaporizer by suitable convertical support 1 duit-s.

Referring to E 9 16 represents the braces which are employed to support the upper and lower walls of the intake flue in iixed relation. As shown these braces con tions and extending longitudinallj of the flue, but other braces can be used. 17 shown in dotted lines, represents the orifice 1 represents the frame of the vehicle whichv hood adjacent tothefrom the intake flue I view of the intake fiue and'vaporizer; Fig. 3

enter of 'the" vap- 7 ts as a dash and also carrics'the 'sist of thin plates occupying vertical. posidue either to movement of the vehicle, or to the wind in case the vehicle is standing, the

[sents the deflectofl-which is obliquely (lisposed relative tothe center lines of the flues 1 and deflects' theincoining currents'of air into flaringfand detachab 122"whicheXtnd from one's'ide of the casing to the other.. Situated above the vaporizer ,tubes, which receives the products of combustion after charged into the flue or passage 23' the opening 17. The flue 23 isseparated which prevents the incoming currents of air liifllenlS which "deflects the incoming curifrentsbf air, 'ucts of combustion, from the smoke 'inay pass freely either into the intake flue or the downward Lyigepenin gh fluefwhen there are no currents of air in the intake flue the gases or products of combustion-will pass freely into the intake flue and 1. discharge from the open end thereof at the 7 front of the. vehicle. a discharge flue common to the intake flue 7 tion and permits the natural draft to take care of itself.

leading from thesmoke-box or bonnet and communicating iththe fines, and 1S repre- I the dow'nwardlyopening flue for creating a forced draft.- 1=2fre iresents'the rearwardly v I lieendon said flue. Beferring to Fig. 3, 20 represents the easwhich incloses, the va orizing tubes'21, thelatte'r being supporte by bars or tubes tubes are preferably arranged smoke-box or bonnet 23 that in sections, 1s a of their heat has. been through the spaces be- The waste products are' disthrough the major, portion en P s n tween t e boiler tu es. of combustion from the smokebox from'the' intake flue by a wall or partition 24 passing into the smoke-box. This action is further assisted by the deflector or flue, depending upondraftconditions. at is tosay, when currents of air are? induced in the intake flue,

gases will pass into the downwardly-opening Thus the passage 23 is and the discharge flue 9, and it serves to convey off all the products of combustion at all times. This is also an important feature of the'inven'tion, as it simplifies the construc- Situated below the vaporizer tubes and preferably inclos'ed by the vaporizer casing is a burner 25. The burner shown comprises one or more vaporizing tubes 26, a baflier 27 and a tube 28, which supplies vapor to a nozzle opening situated directly underneath the vaporizer. The burner is of the jet type and is intendedto burn kerosene although other Jurner arrangements can be employed without departing from my invention. Situated l at the sides of the burner are downwardlv extending baffler plates 29, Fig. 4, which direct and assist in warming the incoming currents of air. 30 'represents the base or bottom uponwhich the burner is mounted and which cooperates with the plates 29 to prevent the a r currents from passing directly to the burner. The air supply is received from one direction and is. divided laterally into two currents by the plate or base 30 so that air is discharged into the bottom of the fire chamber at two points adjacent the sides.

The combined area of the opening between ,the bafiiers and the base should be great enough to supply the necessar" amount of air to support combustion at all times. In order to clean the burner a pin 31 is employed which is supported by a pivoted arm 32.

Moving the arm up or down will cause the pin to move into or out of the burner orifice as the case may be. I Situated below the base of the burner and hinged thereto at 33 is a flue or scoop 8 which is closed at the bottom, sides and at one end. The front end opens in the same or substantially the same direction as the-intakeflue 7 and is so arranged that-as the speed of the vehicle increases the amount of an forced into the burner will be increased.

In order to temporarily increase the draft on the burner, as for example when climbing a hill or'moving very slowly under heavy duty, exhaust or high-pressure vapor may be admitted to the nozzle or. jet 35 which extends into the downwardly-opening flue. This nozzle is provided with an expanding lower end so as to impart a certain amount of velocity to the vapor employed to create an additional draft. I may use this nozzle or jet under the conditions mentioned, but I do not intend to use it except in rare instances eince the vapor which passes through it is In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

\Vhat I claim as new and by Letters Patent of the United States, is,

1. In a self-propelled vehicle, the combination of an upright boiler provided with a fire chamber, a casing for the boiler having an outlet at the top for the products of combustion, a flue leading from the outlet to a point adjacent the edge of the casing, a substantially horizontal flue above the first flue which leads from the front of the vehicle and desire to secure has its rear portion on top of the first flue, a

, ward second lines with the inlet of the third flue which permits a free passage of the contents of the first and second flues into the third when the vehicle is moving forward and of the contents of the first flue into the second when the vehicle is standing still or moving backward.

2. In a self-propelled vehicle, the eombi nation of a boiler having a'fire chamber. a

*asing for the boiler provided with an outlet at the top for the gases from the fire cham her, a flue leading from the outlet along the top of the casing to a point adjacent its edge,

a second flue above the first which leads from the front of the vehicle with its rear portion on top of the first flue and its rear openingin substantially the same plane as thatof the first flue, a third flue extending dowim'ard at the rear of the casing, and a chamber connecting the adjacent ends of the flues and provided with an inclined wall which directs air from the second flue across the opening of the first flue into the third when the ,vehicle is moving forward but pefr mite a free outward passage of gases from the 'lirst'flue through the second when the vehicle is standing still or moving backward.

3.111 a self-propelled vehicle, the combination of an upright boiler provided with a lire chamber having an air inlet directed tothe front of the vehicle, a casing for the boiler having an opening in its top for the outward passage of the products of combustion from the fire chamber, a flue leading from theopening along the top of the casing .to a pointadjacent its edge, a second flue leading from the front of the vehicle and having ts rear portion over the first flue, a

third flue extending downward at the rear 0i with the inlet of the thirdwhifch permits the contents of the first and second flues to pass into the third when the vehicle is moving forward and the contents of the first flue to pass through the second when the vehicle is standing still or moving backward.

4. In a self-propelled vehicle, the combination of a boiler having a fire chamber, a casing for the boiler having an opening at its top for the products of combustion, a flue leading from the opening along thet-op of the casing toward the rear of the vehicle ,a second flue above and substantially parallel to the first which leads from the front of the vehicle, a third flue eitending downward at the rear of the casing, a chamber connecting the adjacent ends of the titles and having an inclined wall opposite said ends which directs air from the second flue across the opening of the first flue when the vehicle is moving forward to create a draft on tlie tire chamber and discharge the mixtureof air and combustion gases into the third flue, and a fourth flue which receives air at its front end and delivers it into the fire cham- DUGALD MoK; MoKILLOP, John A. MCMANUS. 

